Equipment, Not Just For the Body
When we think of equipment in hockey, we normally think of what players wear. But there is equipment that has nothing to do with the game on-ice.
- Visual aids: White boards and video cameras help coaches deliver their message with more impact.
- Software: Scheduling, accounting and team management programs help automate tasks for managers.
- Training tools: First aid kits and fitness equipment are needed for trainers during injury and recovery
- Books, Internet: Documentation written about mental training help provide insight to parents, players and coaches.
Rules Influence the Wearing of Equipment
Rules exist to protect players. For that reason, equipment is manufactured to the specifications that will meet those rules. There are specific rules for the size and shape of all equipment. For example,
- Hockey Canada’s rule 23 (b) states that “goalie pads must be not exceed 12” in width as measured on the goalie.” This rule enforces a penalty and the goalie must change or tape his pads to conform to the size
- players must wear a CSA or HECC certified helmet with a face shield
- in some regions, the use of mouth guards is mandated
- sticks have a maximum curvature in the blade
Equipment is tested to guard against high-speed puck contact and skate slashes.
Players
Equipment sizing affects skill development and playing ability. When buying equipment, it is important to size it properly. Furthermore, playing with equipment that is sized improperly is a way of neglecting safety. What would it cost you if you did not make the correct decision for appropriate equipment in terms of comfort, safety and skill development?
Get the best fit and the best protection at the right price. If the equipment does not fit right, it will not protect you. Make sure you try equipment on before you buy it. You may also want to consider buying used equipment for some pieces. However, jocks, helmets and skates should be new since hygiene plays a role in the wearing of these. 
Goalies
Protective equipment for goalies has undergone drastic modifications in the last 20 years. The most apparent changes are the unique designs of leg pads, masks and upper body protection. These designs have also resulted in an increase in costs. For players under the age of 10, consider buying or acquiring pre-owned goalie equipment.
Manufacturers have stayed in line with the evolving position of goalies. In fact, they have been able to design some pieces of equipment so that they align themselves with the body of the goalie. For example, goalie pads made by some manufacturers are built for the butterfly goalie. Most upper body protection is designed to protect the catching mitt and stick hand differently. Here are a few tips to consider when buying equipment:
- Always keep safety in mind.
- Protect the body.
- Buy the best equipment, not necessarily the most expensive.
- Make sure that it fits.
- Make sure it allows for free movement and keeps control of the goalie’s limbs. This will allow for excellent coverage of the net and good manoeuvrability.
Whether you are an experienced goalie or a beginner, the 2 most important elements to proper equipment are size and protection.
Girls
Girls playing hockey are generally fitted with the same pieces of equipment as boys. Similarities are gloves, helmets, pants, shin pads, elbow pads and skates. Differences are groin protectors and for older girls, shoulder pads. For most girls aged 10 or under, the equipment is identical to that worn by boys, except for the jill.
Coaches
Equipment such as visual aids helps with the instruction of a lesson or the delivery of a message in a speech. Your body language is also a strong communicating tool. Albert Mehrabian found in his 1967 study that:
- 7% of your meaning comes through your spoken words
- 38% of your meaning comes through the way you use your voice (tone, pitch)
- 55% of your meaning comes through nonverbal elements such as gesture, posture, facial expression, etc.
Here are examples of equipment for coaches:
- Pictures are worth a thousand words - use effective drawings to explain the steps for proper execution of a drill or exercise on a board with a pre-printed outline of a rink surface.
- During practice, a whistle is a necessity - most players cannot hear through their helmets unless they stand 10 to 15 feet from you.
- When running an exercise or drill on the ice surface, you may want to incorporate cones, soccer balls, tennis balls and other props to challenge your players. This will take them out of their comfort zone and enhance the practice.
- Consider investing in a video camera - it will allow you to de-construct a game play by play for your players and it can prove to be a great experience. Video can provide an excellent outside perspective.
- Getting ready for a game or practice? Equipment such as computer practice software, drill sheets and note pads make planning easier.
Use the right equipment when needed and you will become more effective as a coach.
Officials
Officials must have:
- Skates
- Striped sweater
- Black trousers
- Black helmet
- Face shield
- Whistle
The protection they wear underneath their uniform is up to them, but wearing some helps to avoid bruising from flying pucks and sticks.
- Girdle: It is a short pant full of padding like that of a hockey player. It is made of formed plastic and is meant to protect the kidneys, thighs and coccyx (tailbone). The hips and buttocks are covered with padding.
- Shin guards: At the lower leg, most shin guards are designed like a player’s with a dome shaped plastic piece for the kneecap and a ship casing for the front and side.
- Elbow pads: Designed to flex with the elbow, this protection absorbs the impact from a fall.
- Protective vests: This is padding around the rib cage and lower back to give you a layer of protection from flying pucks and sticks.
Equipment Costs
Costs of equipment will vary from store to store and from manufacturer to manufacturer. Equipment quality and model types will dictate price. For years, manufacturers such as CCM and Bauer were known as skate manufacturers. Companies such as Victoriaville, Sherwood and Northland were known as the stick experts. Today, hockey equipment manufacturers offer complete lines. They make a full list of player gear and in some cases, even official and goalie equipment. They don’t just make one piece of equipment anymore.
Look at each piece of equipment individually when buying and compare different brands. Check out the feel, look and quality of how the piece of equipment is made. Some pieces of equipment fit some people better than others. Do not look at a complete line of products from a specific manufacturer and believe that you have to buy their complete line. For ages 10 and under, look for what is in your budget, fits well and is approved by the CSA or HECC. If you are 11 and over, you may not have a choice with a budget due to team restraints but you should get what fits well and is approved. Most equipment can be purchased at big name stores or at your local sport stores. You may also look at sport stores that sell used equipment to fully outfit the budding star. Proper equipment should be about what feels comfortable and not about what the superstars are wearing. Manufacturers must conform to standards (such as CSA in Canada and HECC in the US) before they can worry about what looks good. Make sure you are fitted properly no matter what level of hockey you play.
EQUIPMENT CHART
The following chart gives you a checklist for each piece of hockey equipment. It is structured as follows:
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Fitting:
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is about sizing and evaluating the equipment you are considering.
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Purchasing:
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lists the range of prices (in CAD dollars) for each piece of equipment. These |
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prices were taken from internet retailers, specialty stores and department
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Maintaining:
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is about taking care of your equipment. |
Skates
There are 2 types of skates: regular (for players and officials) and goalie skates. Each type has its own design. Regular skates are designed with a raised heel, lower front foot and a rounded blade. This is due to the style of skating done by players and officials. Goalie skates are designed more even like a shoe, since a goalie’s stance and movement is lateral. The goalie skate also requires a thicker blade and an outer protective boot. This helps withstand the impact of a shot from a player. By the age of 8, it is recommended for children who want to play goal to wear goalie skates instead of regular skates. Skates are the most important piece of equipment for any player, goalie, official or coach. There are 3 main components that will affect how you skate:
- Size
- Comfort
- Blade sharpening
Wearing skates repeatedly will break in the boot part of the skate. Manufacturers now mold the skate with softer and less dense materials to help with breaking in the boot. Fitting:
- A rule of thumb: the size of your skate is approximately one or two sizes smaller than your shoe.
- Skates need to fit snug around the foot.
Maintenance:
- Before wearing your skates, check for burrs or nicks in the blade.
- After you skate, undo the laces so that your foot slips out. Do not pull and force your skate boot off - it will cause undo stress on the eyelets.
- Wipe your blades with a rag.
- Taking 5 minutes to properly store your skates could save you a lot of money.
- During the summer, keep your skates out of the damp basement – the moisture rusts the blade and rivets. Keep your skates in a dry, cool place. Some suggestions are:
- Hall closet
- Garage
- Bedroom closet
- Open up the tongue by loosening all the laces so that the air can circulate in the boot.
- Leave the blade upward so that your skate is upside down. Don’t let your blade sit on the carpet or floor.
- Take the skate guards off of your blade to prevent moisture build-up.
- Make sure that your skates are not left in your hockey bag until the next season.
Sharpening Blades
There are 2 elements of a blade to consider when sharpening skates.
Rocker:
- This is the length of the blade from heel to toe.
- A round rocker makes for tight turning.
- If the blade is flat, then there is more blade on the ice - this causes the skater to have more difficulty turning. For example, a goalie skate blade is made to be flat because they don’t need to turn but they need it for balance.
- Some skaters have flat spots on their blades. This provides a resting spot for gliding. Most forwards prefer them in the front since they usually are on the balls of their feet.
- Most defensemen prefer the rocker in the middle of the blade or slightly towards the back for a better backward glide.
Hollow:
- This is the curve that runs across the blade from side to side.
- As the curve deepens, the blade gets sharper.
- When there is less curve in the hollow, the blade tends to be flatter and less sharp for digging into the ice.
- Flatter hollows are ideal for goalies because it allows them to glide on the ice from side to side.
- There are key times to get your skates sharpened. A rule of thumb: get them done when there are burrs or nicks or when the hollow needs to be restored.
- Always let an expert grind your blades. Do not use a vending machine sharpener.
- Carry a stone to remove burrs from your blades.
Back to chart Sticks
Sticks are all about feel and choice. How a stick feels in the palms of your hands will affect you when you play. The curve of the blade can affect the way you shoot. The length of the stick will affect your reach and shot.
- If the stick is too short, you will be hunched over. The tendency is to straighten up. This causes the blade to come off the ice.
- If the stick is too long, then the toe of the stick blade will be up and you will not have proper control of the puck.
Prior to 1950, stick blades had no curves. The shaft and blade were all one piece of wood. Today, sticks are pieced together. The shaft and blade are glued together. Layers of fibreglass and wood are combined to create a reinforced shaft. Blades are pieces of wood layered together and then attached. Once the two pieces are attached, cut to a specific pattern, coated with fibreglass or graphite strips, the blade is then heated and curved. A recent creation is the one-piece composite stick. It is made from a mixture of fibreglass and graphite and has no parts. The shaft and blade are one piece. Fitting:
As a player, you need to read and react in game situations. Being able to protect the puck from an opponent, pass to a team mate or shoot on goal is easier with a good grip on the shaft, an appropriate curve and proper stick length.
Length of a stick:
- To determine the proper length, hold the stick on its toe, parallel to your body and measure the stick from your chin to the floor with your skates on or on your tiptoes.
Weight of the stick:
- If the stick is too heavy:
- you won’t feel the puck easily
- you will have little flexibility
- it will require more effort and physical force
- If the stick is too light:
- It may cause you to lose some accuracy in your shot, especially if you are very strong
Personal choices of a stick:
- The brand, type and curve of the stick are personal choices for each player.
- Choosing the right stick is about being comfortable with it to control and shoot the puck.
- The shaft must fit in the hands with the fingers fully wrapped around the shaft.
- Young players should use junior model sticks. These sticks are designed with a small width in the shaft to allow for proper finger grip.
- Curves are a personal choice.
- Rule of thumb: The younger the player, the less curve in the blade there should be. This allows for good puck handling skills to develop both backhand and forehand control.
- When selecting a stick, make sure you have your hockey gloves on.
- Don’t purchase a make just because it looks good or someone you know uses it.
- Price does not equal quality of a stick. A good example of this is the one-piece composite stick. It is priced in the $200 range but not everyone likes it or can play well with it. It is more flexible in the shaft and is lighter than other sticks.
The lie of a stick:
- This refers to the angle that the shaft makes from the ice surface when the blade is flat on the ice.
- Players’ sticks are made with a 5” or 6” lie.
- Goalie sticks are made with a 13”, 14” or 15” lie.
- Rule of thumb: a quick check to see if you have the proper lie is to look at the wear of the heel and toe under your stick blade. If you wear out the heel, then the stick could be too long and/or need a higher lie.
Maintenance:
Use your ice hockey stick for ice hockey – not street hockey. The asphalt, rocks and cement will ruin your blade. You will be buying sticks more often.
When you tape your stick, use cloth tape and add a strip on the bottom of the blade before you begin to wrap. Do not hit the boards, net or slam it on the ice when you are frustrated. This causes stress cracks and weakens the stick.
Make sure you wipe off excess snow or ice build-up. Change the tape on your blade every so many games. After taping your stick, rub a thin coating of candle wax. It helps repel the water and ice.
Back to chart Helmets / Masks
Whether you are playing or officiating, when you are on the ice, protect your head. The helmet is designed to reduce concussion possibilities and lower head injuries from sticks or pucks. All players must wear helmets that are approved by national standards to play and be insured under the minor hockey association or their branches and regions. Putting stickers on your helmet will void the warranty by most manufacturers. The glue could potentially cause a chemical defect in the plastic and cause it to break. All minor hockey players must wear visors or cages to protect the face. It is important that the kind you choose is compatible with your helmet. Goalies can wear a helmet and cage as well to be protected. After the age of 10 or 11, a goalie’s preference might be to switch to a mask. It also needs to be CSA or HECC approved to be worn. Don’t buy for tomorrow at the expense of today. Buy for today so you will have a future. Fitting:
- Make sure that you are properly fitted. Measure the circumference of your head (1 in. over your eyebrow) and compare to the chart for hat size. Manufacturers will use both of these measurements for proper sizing.
Circumference of head (inches) |
Hat Sizes |
20 ½ - 22 ½ |
6 - 7 1/8 |
21 ½ - 23 ½ |
6 7/8 - 7 ½ |
22 ½ - 24 ½ |
7 1/8 - 8 ¾ |
24 ½ - 26 ½ |
7 ¾ - 8 ¼ |
- A helmet must be tightened properly with the chin strap and side adjustors to fit your head.
Maintenance:
- Helmets need regular tightening of the screws.
- Any screws that are lost must be replaced. Kits for helmets are available at most hockey retailers.
- If you have a plastic visor, make sure that you cover it when you put it in your bag. It can get scratched.
- Make sure you air it out of your hockey bag. Moisture can cause rusting and mildew.
Back to chart
Gloves
The purpose of gloves is to protect your wrist, knuckles and fingers. They are designed to protect your hands from getting cut, banged, slashed and in some cases hyper extended.
Over the past 10 years, the design of gloves has become softer with a shorter wrist protector allowing for a finesse-type wrist roll movement. This also means you are more susceptible to having your wrist bent backwards. Low wrist guards on gloves widen the gap from the elbow, leaving the arm open for possible slashes. The least appealing is the conventional high-rise wrist glove with a stiffer grip. Some believe it may hinder the feel of the stick shaft. Unlike other pieces of equipment, gloves do not have to be the most expensive to be good. Fitting:
- The most important part of the glove is how the palm and fingers fit into it.
- They should feel like you are wearing your big brother’s winter gloves with no more than a ½ inch space at the tip of the fingers.
- They should not be so tight that the blood stops circulating in your hands
- The length of the glove is dependant your size and preference. Measure from middle fingertip to your forearm (7in. to 16 in. are the glove sizes)
Maintenance:
- Always let them air dry.
- Moisture build-up causes a break down in the fibres.
- Palms of gloves that are torn can be sewn.
- Holes in gloves need to be repaired or the glove should be replaced all together.
Back to chart
Pants
Their purpose is to protect key areas of the mid-section, primarily the kidneys, the tailbone and the inner and outer thigh.
Fitting:
- When pants fit properly they have a loose-to-comfortable fit.
- The proper sizing of pants is by waist measurement and by length from the waist to the top of the knee.
- If the pants are too big, then the player’s shin pads may get stuck or the padded protection may move out of place. This can result in exposing areas of the body to injury.
- Wearing small pants can be just as risky as big ones. Parts of the leg and mid section would be exposed for injury.
- The pants are either tightened at the waist with a belt strap or held up with suspenders hanging over the shoulder, that is a personal choice - if you prefer a belt, then the tightness of that belt is a personal preference.
As long as the pants don’t fall while you skate, you will be fine. Maintenance:
- Allow for full air to flow when drying them out.
- Do not put them on over your skates. The bottoms could get torn.
- Wash the outer shell if they are able to come apart from the protection.
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Shoulder pads
The design, form and shape of shoulder pads have changed over the years to be bigger and bulkier. They are designed to protect the shoulders, chest and back from high shots or accidental stick swinging. Shooting, stickhandling and passing become impossible if the player cannot raise his arms or twist his shoulders.
Fitting:
- If they are too big, they will hinder your movement.
- A correct fit is best compared to wearing a comfortable t-shirt. Big enough to move but stay close to the body. The player should be able to reach forward and still have his back and shoulders protected.
- Girls especially need to have a snug or comfortable fit for complete chest protection.
Maintenance:
- After use, allow full air circulation out of your bag.
- Make sure that straps and fasteners are in good order. Snaps and straps can be purchased at hockey retailers.
- Some pads will allow you to wash them. Check with the manufacturer’s care instructions.
- Do not hyper extend any protection to work it in.
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Elbow pads
Elbows can be crushed if they are not protected. Elbow pads are designed to cover the elbow, lower arm and some of the bicep and triceps area.
Fitting:
- A properly fitted elbow pad allows the player or official to bend the arm freely.
- There should be no rotation out of your elbow pad.
- Straps should be pulled slightly to attach across arms.
- Choose ones that protect your elbow and part of the forearm.
Maintenance:
- After use, allow full air circulation out of your bag.
- Do not put tape over your elbow pads to hold them. The glue from the tape can ruin the material and the effectiveness of the straps.
- Get sewn any straps that come apart.
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Shin pads
This is protection for the knee caps, shin and calves. Often mistaken for a simple leg covering, the shin pad is in the group of the most needed pieces of equipment. Most of the game is played from the knee down to the foot. Pucks, sticks and skates will most likely be at this height.
Fitting:
- Shin pads come in inch and centimetre measurements. To determine the proper size, measure from the kneecap to the top of the skate while you are sitting down.
- Manufacturer models differ in padding and style. Your decision should be made only after you have tried them on.
- Attach the shin pads to your leg using the straps provided. You can always use a sleeve, Velcro strap and tape.
Maintenance:
- After use, allow full air circulation out of your bag. Some makes allow you to remove inserts.
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Goalie pads
Leg protection is crucial for a goalie. What is not crucial is the newness. What your pads look like should always be secondary to size and comfort. Some goalies like to have extremely large pads while other like short ones.
Fitting:
- If the pads are too long up the leg, they will hinder the lateral and up/down movement.
- Sizing should be based on width – 12 inches is the maximum to conform to league rules.
Maintenance:
- Let them air dry.
- Do not use them on the pavement for street hockey. You will damage the outer layer.
- Straps should be replaced if they become worn or torn.
Goalie gloves
A trapper and blocker make up the 2 gloves that a goalie requires. A trapper is for catching the puck and a blocker is for holding the stick.
Fitting: TRAPPER
- The hand must fit inside with the ability to open and close. The thumb and fingers should come together.
- The fingers must be able to slide into the slots.
- The glove should not easily fall of the wrist.
- Avoid wearing another glove under (like a baseball batting) the trapper. It affects the grip. Do not put tape on your fingers it will come off with the sweat and cause discomfort or swelling
BLOCKER
- The design of a blocker is similar to a glove. All fingers have a sleeve. The space between the top and the finger tip should not exceed ½ inch otherwise, it makes for a poor stick grip.
- The glove should not be worn with another glove underneath (like a baseball batting glove).
Maintenance:
- Undo the straps and ease out your hand after use. Pulling your hand out while the straps are wet with sweat, could stretch or cause undo stress on the straps.
- Open the gloves up and let dry.
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Goalie pants
These pants have the same purpose as player pants. The difference is in the design. They are built smaller up the waist with more protection around the thigh and the inseam.
Fitting:
- When pants fit properly they have a loose-to-comfortable fit.
- The proper sizing of pants is by waist measurement and by length from the waist to the top of the knee.
- If the pants are too big, then the goalie’s pads may get stuck or the padded protection may move out of place. This can result in exposing areas of the body to injury.
- Wearing small pants can be just as risky as big ones. Parts of the leg and mid section would be exposed for injury.
- The pants are either tightened at the waist with a belt strap or held up with suspenders hanging over the shoulder, that is a personal choice - if you prefer a belt, then the tightness of that belt is a personal preference.
- Goalies can use a belt or suspenders. It is recommended to use suspenders because that will help keep the upper body protection closer the body of the goalie.
Maintenance:
- Allow for full air to flow when drying them out.
- Do not put them on over your skates. The bottoms could get torn.
- Wash the outer shell if they are able to come apart from the protection.
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Upper body protection
The arm pads and chest protector are all built as one unit. Attached with straps this piece of equipment is designed for either a left handed catching goalie or a right handed one. The arms are protected differently. In the goalie stance, the catching mitt (trapper) hand is palm up to face the puck while, the stick hold (blocker) hand is palm down to hold the shaft of the stick. The arm design is made to flex the arms accordingly from the elbow.
Fitting:
- The chest protector needs to stop at the waist to allow for flex and bending at the waist. And be loose at the neck so it does not choke.
- The arm length should be to the wrist to allow for a snug fit from the shoulder down the arm. If there are any openings, it may result in injury when the puck hits the arm.
Maintenance:
- Open up the straps to let the arm sleeves air out.
- Replace or sew straps that break or become torn. They are needed to keep the equipment close to the skin.
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Athletic supporters
Jocks and jills are athletic support cups. For a boy or a man, it is a hardened piece of plastic that cups the genitals and rests on the inner thighs and lower abdomen. The jill is more of a curved “V” protecting the pubic bone. Coaches should never let a player on the ice without one.
Fitting:
- Jocks and jills are fitted by size and comfort around the waist and thighs.
- It is a must-have and needs to be in perfect order.
- Do not scrimp and let your son or daughter play with a cracked one or second hand one.
Maintenance:
- Do not leave in your hockey bag while wet - mildew will set in and ruin the material lining.
- Wash the holder after removing the cup to clean the sweat build up. Read the care instructions on the label.
- If there is a crack in them, do not use.
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Undergarments
There are 4 reasons why players should wear undergarments:
- Most arenas are cold so undergarments serve as a warm layer and maintain body heat.
- They prevent skin irritation from the rubbing of equipment such as shoulder pads, pants and leg protectors.
- They act as a layer of skin to help stop injuries.
- They help to absorb sweat from the body.
Types of undergarments include long sleeve, t-shirts, stretchy fleece pants, skin-tight spandex long johns, and turtlenecks. Some materials help to pull sweat away from the body while keeping a layer of air over the skin for sustaining the heat close to the body. It is imperative for the material to be soft and thin otherwise it can be annoying and distracting to have a piece of fabric that irritates your skin. Do not wear jeans or dress pants under your hockey gear. Those materials are not soft. They buckle and fold which irritates the skin. They retain moisture which becomes heavy and can freeze in the cold. Fitting:
- Should be slightly loose to snug.
- There should be only a few creases – otherwise they may be too big.
- It is a preference and comfort choice by each player.
Maintenance:
- Wash them in detergent after every use.
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Mouth guards
There are many different types of mouth guards available from your sports stores, drugstores and your dentist. They come in a variety of colors.
Mouth guards can prevent serious injuries such as:
- Lacerations around the mouth
- Possible permanent injury to the jaw joints
- Broken or knocked out teeth from its socket
- Concussions
- Neck injuries by helping to avoid situations where the lower jaw gets jammed into the upper jaw
Properly sized and constructed mouth guards can minimize, if not prevent injuries such as lacerations to the mouth, injuries to jaw joints and damage to teeth. Along with proper helmets, mouth guards are a significant defense mechanism against concussions. Mouth guards can reduce the chance of a concussion as a result of an impact to the mandible (which forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place) from the front or from underneath because full posterior translation of the condyles is prevented. This reduces the level of force that is caused from the condyles to the base of the skull.
Fitting:
It is recommended to have a custom made sports guard by your dentist because it fits better than the generic ones available in stores. The better the fit, the better the protection and the less chance that the mouth guard would be displaced/swallowed at the time of injury.
Maintenance:
- Be sure to rinse in cold water before and after use.
- NEVER use hot water. It could distort the shape.
- Don't chew on your mouth guard - it will deform it.
- Store it in its case to protect the shape.
- Clean it with a non abrasive toothpaste and soft toothbrush.
- Be sure to bring your mouth guard with you to a dental visit before the season begins to have it checked for proper sizing.
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Learn more about EQUIPMENT |
www.sportbodybasics.ca/hockey/hockey_protectiveequip.html
Excellent information about properly fitting hockey equipment. www.bauer.com
This is Bauer’s site on hockey gear. www.briansmfg.com
Provides goalie equipment for every age group, from beginner level to NHL level. www.ccmsports.com
Positioned as the largest hockey equipment manufacturer in the world. www.donsimmons.com
The goalie equipment specialists. www.itech.com
Head and facial protection specialists. www.nikehockey.com
This is Nike’s site on hockey gear.
www.vaughnhockey.com
They are a goalie equipment manufacturer. There are more Equipment Links on The Hockey Source Links page.
The Hockey Source does not necessarily endorse all the information on the linked pages it provides.
Shop the SOURCE to find solutions to your hockey needs! |
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